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Although mercury’s mystique held the promise of power, many of the ancients also knew it to be toxic. It was in the mining of the element where mercury first became associated with human illness beginning as tremors and progressing to severe mental derangement. The largest natural source of mercury is cinnabar, its only known ore, and the richest deposits are found in Spain and Italy. This reddish mineral containing mercury and sulfur has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. Cinnabar dating from 500 BC has been identified at a Mayan site in Guatemala, and prehistoric skulls painted with cinnabar have been found in Italy.The Romans used their mercury mines as penal institutions for criminals, slaves, and other undesirables. The warders were among the first to recognize that there was a high likelihood that the prisoners would become poisoned and spare the keepers the need for formal executions. Mercury is primarily a neurological poison, causing tremors, extreme mood changes, and eventually loss of hearing and restricted vision. Certain forms of mercury poisoning also cause damage to the liver and kidneys. The life span of a worker in those mines was tragically brief.

In the 1980s Chinese researchers found that the soil in the burial mound above the tomb contains mercury concentrations way above those elsewhere in the vicinity. Now some archaeologists working on the site believe that the body of the First Emperor may indeed lie amidst vast puddles of the liquid metal.  Yet it seems unlikely that anyone will gaze on such a sight in the foreseeable future. ‘We have no current plan to open the chambers,’ explains archaeologist Qingbo Duan of Northwest University in Xi’an, who led the mausoleum excavations from 1998 to 2008. ‘We have no mature technologies and effective measures to protect the relics,’ he says. So can we ever know the truth about Qin Shi Huangdi’s rivers of mercury? 

Mercury – named after a Roman god known for speed and agility – is a chemical element that has fascinated humans for thousands of years. Mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid under standard conditions. It flows easily and has very high surface tension, so it forms shiny rounded beads. When compared with most other metal elements, which are usually bits of greyish solids that tarnish quickly, it’s easy to see why mercury was thought to have special properties.

The legendary First Emperor of unified China, Qin Shi Huang, began his reign at just 13 years old. Despite his youth, he began seriously preparing for his death by ordering the construction of a magnificent mausoleum measuring 6.3 square kilometres. It took approximately 38 years to complete, with an insane workforce of 700,000 prisoners, slaves, and other social outcasts.He wished to build a microcosm of his entire legacy on earth to take with him into the afterlife. This included 8,000 terracotta soldiers (horses and all), a palace, a pyramid, and a burial mound containing his tomb. This tomb has never been opened for several reasons. First, the air might damage whatever may lie inside. Second, it may contain toxic levels of mercury. 

Mer­cury is a heavy, sil­very and very tox­ic met­al. One of the most well-known fea­tures of mer­cury is that in nor­mal con­di­tions this met­al is liq­uid and only freezes at –38.8°C! In na­ture there are only two el­e­ments that are liq­uid in nor­mal con­di­tions – mer­cury and bromine.In the earth’s crust, mer­cury is a very rare el­e­ment, but rocks in which mer­cury is found usu­al­ly con­tain it in rather high con­cen­tra­tions. This is be­cause mer­cury mix­es poor­ly with el­e­ments that make up most of the earth’s crust, and so “ac­cu­mu­la­tions” of min­er­als con­tain­ing mer­cury are formed. The most abun­dant of them are cinnabar (mer­cury sul­fide HgS) and corderoit (Hg₃S₂­Cl₂).

The mercury market size is projected to increase by USD 695.42 million, at a CAGR of 2.94% between 2023 and 2028. The market report includes a comprehensive outlook on the market offering forecasts for the industry segmented by Application, which comprises electrical and electronics, measuring and controlling devices, dental application and gold processing. Additionally, it categorizes Product into metal, alloys and compounds and covers Region, including North America, APAC, Europe, Middle East and Africa, and South America. The report provides market size, historical data spanning from 2018 to 2022, and future projections, all presented in terms of value in USD million for each of the mentioned segments.The growth of the market is propelled by the increase in the adoption of mercury in button cell batteries, although its progress is hindered by the stringent regulation on the emission and use of mercury. Furthermore, there is a notable upward trend in the increasing efforts to recycle and recover emissions of mercury. 

An online dump of classified Chinese documents from a private security contractor is shining a light on hacking efforts the country's spy agency uses on both foreigners and Chinese citizens. The leaked documents show how Chinese authorities deploy these tools to surveil dissidents overseas, hack other nations, and promote pro-Beijing narratives on social media. A menu of services revealed that $15,000 granted a local government in southwest China access to a traffic police website in Vietnam.Disinformation campaigns and account hacking on X cost $100,000 - and $278,000 got customers personal information from social media accounts like Telegram and Facebook.Meanwhile, Chinese police are investigating the hack of the security contractor, which is linked to the nation's top policing agency and other parts of its government.

Tadalafil(Tadalafil)hasamolecularformulaofC22H19N3O4andamolecularweightof389.4.Ithasbeenwidelyusedtotreatmaleerectiledysfunctionsince20Chemicalbook03,anditstradenameisCialis.In2008,EliLillyandCompanysoldthecommercialdevelopmentrightsofthisproductforPAHtreatmenttoUnitedTherapeutics.

Tadalafil (Tadalafil) has a molecular formula of C22H19N3O4 and a molecular weight of 389.4. It has been widely used to treat male erectile dysfunction since 2003, and its trade name is Cialis. In 2008, Eli Lilly and Company sold the commercial development rights of this product for PAH treatment to United Therapeutics. In June 2009, the FDA approved tadalafil for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the United States, under the trade name Adcirca. Tadalafil was launched in 2003 as a drug to treat ED.

Pharmaceutical intermediates serve as a critical link between the discovery of new drug candidates and the commercial production of pharmaceutical products. They allow for the synthesis of complex molecules and provide the necessary chemical transformations to convert raw materials into active drugs.Pharmaceutical intermediates contribute to enhancing drug efficacy, stability, and bioavailability, thereby ensuring the quality and effectiveness of medications. These intermediates also play a vital role in achieving regulatory compliance by meeting the stringent standards set by regulatory authorities.

The Pharmaceutical Intermediates is moderately competitive with the presence of local as well as global companies.  Some of the key players which are contributing to the growth of the market include Aceto Corporation, BASF SE, Chiracon GmbH, Yin-sheng Biotech Co., Ltd., Dishman Group, Green Vision Life Sciences, Midas Pharma GmbH, Sanofi SA, Vertellus Holdings LLC., among others. The major players are adopting several growth strategies such as product launches, acquisitions, and collaborations, which are contributing to the growth of the pharmaceutical intermediates market globally.    

According to Wisdom Research Consulting, pharmaceutical intermediates are single chemical substances with high purity obtained through chemical or biological reactions, similar to the production method of chemical raw materials. Therefore, China's chemical raw materials manufacturers usually produce pharmaceutical intermediates, and their level of development is closely related to the development of chemical raw materials and chemical drug preparations. In the future, the expiration of many patented drugs will lead to the availability of generic drugs. This will create a broad market space and provide good opportunities for development in the pharmaceutical intermediates industry.

Specific factors that are driving the market growth include the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and growing R&D initiatives and activities in the pharmaceutical industry. Given that these pharma intermediates are used in the treatment of cancer detection and a variety of chronic diseases, the rise in the prevalence of chronic diseases is projected to propel market expansion in the area under study. For instance, chronic diseases account for around 41 million annual fatalities, or 71% of all fatalities worldwide, according to the WHO's key facts on non-communicable diseases published in April 2021. The high fatality rate from these diseases increases the demand for early intervention, which in turn propels the market's expansion.

YK-11 is a synthetic steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (steroidal SARM). It is a steroid compound based on 5-α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is a gene-selective and partial agonist of the androgen receptor (AR). YK11 is so far the only SARM that is able to increase the expression of the activin binding protein Follistatin (FST), and right the induction of FST plays a key role in its anabolic effects. YK11 has the chemical formula C25H34O6 and molecular mass 430.541 g·mol−1.

Semaglutide powde is a novel GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide-1) analogue developed by Dunno and Novo Nordisk. Ozempic is a long-acting dosage form based on the basic structure of liraglutide, which has good efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 analog that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in June 2021. Novo Nordisk has completed six pchaseiia studies on Sermaglutide injection and submitted a new drug registration application for weekly injection of Sermaglutide to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 5, 2016, as well as a marketing authorization application to the European Medicines Agency (EMA). On the other hand, the daily oral preparation of somalatide is currently in clinical phase III.

S-23 CAS 1010396-29-8 Sarms Raw Powder for Muscle Building and Fat Loss Quick Info. Product Name:S-23 CAS No:1010396-29-8 Molecular Formula:C18H13ClF4N2O3 Molecular Weight:416.753 g/mol Assay:99% min Quality Standard:USP/ISO9001 Appearance:White Powder Supply Ability:500-800kg/month Storage:Store at 8℃-20℃, protect from moisture and light. Related Products:YK11 Powder,LGD-4033 Powder Description: The full name for S23 [structural formula shown below] is (S)-N-(4-cyano-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3-(3-fluoro,4-chlorophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanamide.

In the late 2000s, a company called GTx Incorporated made a significant discovery: S23. The invention of S23 was driven by the growing interest in SARMs, which are alternatives to common anabolic steroids. The goal was to find new uses for this compound, such as treating muscle loss, providing a new method of male birth control, and managing osteoporosis.

S-23 is an modern selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with the added interest in its potential for male hormonal contraceptive. It binds to the androgen receptor more strongly than older compounds such as Andarine with a Ki of 1.7nM, and in animal studies it showed both a good ratio of anabolic to androgenic effects, and dose-dependent suppression of spermatogenesis with spontaneous recovery after cessation of research.

As a member of the SARM category, S23 works to selectively target and produce anabolic results in muscle and bone tissue without some of the limitations and side effects of traditional steroids.Benefits of S23Many users and studies suggest that S23 is one of the most powerful SARMs on the market. We’ve listed the primary benefits you can expect when taking S23.S23 helps build lean muscle mass.The number one benefit of supplementing with S23 is its ability to increase lean body mass. The second core benefit is the proven ability to retain gains after completing a cycle, as shown in this study.