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Nov . 16, 2024 12:41 Back to list

Lidocaine Hydrochloride CAS 73-78-9 Overview and Clinical Applications



Lidocaine Hydrochloride A Comprehensive Overview


Lidocaine hydrochloride, with the CAS number 73-78-9, is a widely recognized local anesthetic that plays a critical role in medical and dental practices. It belongs to the class of amide-type local anesthetics and is primarily used to induce numbness in specific areas of the body, making it an invaluable tool in both major and minor surgical procedures.


Chemical Structure and Properties


Lidocaine hydrochloride is chemically known as 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide hydrochloride. Its molecular formula is C14H22N2O•HCl, and it has a molecular weight of approximately 288.8 g/mol. The drug is typically available in a white to off-white crystalline powder form, soluble in water, which facilitates its use in various injectable forms.


Mechanism of Action


The primary mechanism of action of lidocaine involves the block of voltage-gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane, a critical component of the action potential generation in nerve fibers. By inhibiting sodium ion influx, lidocaine prevents the propagation of action potentials, thereby effectively numbing the targeted area. This rapid onset of action makes lidocaine extremely effective for procedures where immediate anesthesia is required.


Medical Applications


lidocaine hydrochloride cas 73-78-9

lidocaine hydrochloride cas 73-78-9

Lidocaine hydrochloride is utilized in various applications, both in treating medical conditions and during surgical procedures. Common indications include


1. Local Anesthesia It is frequently used in dentistry to provide pain relief during dental surgeries, including tooth extractions, fillings, and root canals. 2. Regional Anesthesia Lidocaine can be employed in epidural blocks and other regional anesthesia techniques to manage pain during childbirth and major surgeries. 3. Antiarrhythmic Agent Interestingly, beyond its anesthetic properties, lidocaine is also used in emergency medicine to manage ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, providing life-saving treatment in critical situations.


4. Topical Applications It is available in topical formulations for pain relief in various conditions, such as postherpetic neuralgia and minor skin irritations.


Side Effects and Precautions


While lidocaine hydrochloride is generally considered safe for use, it is essential to be aware of potential side effects. Common adverse reactions include localized irritation, allergic reactions, or systemic effects such as dizziness, tinnitus, or in rare cases, seizures. To minimize risks, healthcare providers must evaluate patients' medical histories and possible allergies before administration. Special caution is advised in individuals with underlying heart conditions or those on concurrent medications that may interact adversely.


Conclusion


Lidocaine hydrochloride remains a cornerstone in the field of anesthetics, combining efficacy with safety when used appropriately. Its versatility, covering applications from surgery to emergency medicine, underscores its importance in clinical practice. As research continues to evolve, newer formulations and delivery methods may enhance its application, ensuring optimized patient care while maintaining its fundamental role in anesthesia. As always, the responsible use of this potent agent is paramount, demanding a deep understanding of its pharmacology and patient-specific factors.


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