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Dec . 07, 2024 00:08 Back to list

ritonavir cas 155213-67-5



Ritonavir A Comprehensive Overview


Ritonavir, with the chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number 155213-67-5, is a critical pharmaceutical compound primarily utilized in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. As a member of the class of protease inhibitors, ritonavir plays a vital role in antiretroviral therapy (ART), enhancing the efficacy of other medications and helping to manage the virus's impact on the immune system.


Originally developed and approved by the FDA in the mid-1990s, ritonavir was initially used standalone to inhibit the replication of the HIV virus. However, due to its side effect profile and the development of drug resistance, it was soon mostly utilized as a booster to enhance the effectiveness of other protease inhibitors. This combination therapy approach is favored because ritonavir effectively increases the plasma concentrations of these other drugs, allowing for lower doses and minimizing side effects.


Ritonavir A Comprehensive Overview

Ritonavir's pharmacokinetics illustrates its functionality and effectiveness. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with maximum blood concentrations typically reached within two to four hours. It has a relatively short half-life, which is one reason why it is often combined with other drugs in ART regimens. Furthermore, ritonavir is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, specifically CYP3A4. This property makes it a potent inhibitor of this enzyme, leading to significant drug-drug interactions with other medications metabolized by CYP3A4.


ritonavir cas 155213-67-5

ritonavir cas 155213-67-5

The drug's adverse effects can range from mild to severe and have been a topic of concern. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. More serious risks involve liver toxicity, lipid abnormalities, and cardiovascular complications. Therefore, careful monitoring is essential when ritonavir is administered, especially in patients with existing health issues.


In terms of usability, ritonavir is available in various formulations, including soft gel capsules, tablets, and an oral solution, catering to different patient needs and preferences. The availability of a low-dose formulation, known as ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (e.g., Darunavir), has been a breakthrough in managing HIV. These lower doses significantly reduce the adverse effects while maintaining a high level of antiviral efficacy.


Ritonavir's impact extends beyond HIV treatment; it has gained attention in the context of other viral infections as well. During the COVID-19 pandemic, ritonavir was utilized in some therapy regimens for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, in conjunction with other antiviral agents, although ongoing research continues to elucidate its practical efficacy in this new domain.


In conclusion, ritonavir remains an essential component of modern antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS. Its ability to enhance the effectiveness of other protease inhibitors while maintaining a manageable side effect profile showcases its crucial role in the fight against this virus. Ongoing research and clinical evaluations will further establish its versatility and potential in treating various viral infections, ensuring that ritonavir remains a pivotal player in antiviral therapy for years to come.


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