Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious disease of cats, predominantly young cats. It occurs when feline enteric coronavirus multiplying in the intestines undergoes a critical mutation which changes its tissue tropism from enterocytes to macrophages. FIP virus then moves round the body in macrophages – the ultimate Trojan horse mechanism. This leads to a disseminated infection and the development of a fibrinoid necrotising vasculitis and serositis due to deposition of immune complexes consisting of cat antibodies and FIP viral antigens. 

The initial field testing of GS-441524 for FIP treatment involved subcutaneous injection. This  route of administration was based on prior pharmacokinetic (PK) studies done on laboratory cats.  Intravenous and subcutaneous routes of injection yielded similar high blood levels that were  sustained at virus inhibitory concentrations for over 24 hours. Oral administration was also found  to provide blood levels, peaking at 2 hours, but reaching only about 40% peak levels of  subcutaneous and intravenous routes (Pedersen NC, unpublished data, 2018). However, dogs  which have a longer intestinal tract evolved for omnivorous diets, can absorb up to 85% of  GS441524 by the oral route [1, 5]. Dogs have often been used as surrogates for humans in oral  absorption studies, so oral absorption in humans is also likely to be higher than in cats.

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