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កញ្ញា . 25, 2024 06:28 Back to list

Lidocaine Hydrochloride CAS 73-78-9 Overview and Applications in Medical Treatments



Lidocaine Hydrochloride An Overview


Lidocaine hydrochloride, with the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 73-78-9, is a widely used local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent. It belongs to the class of medications known as amides and is characterized by its rapid onset and relatively short duration of action. This compound plays a pivotal role in various medical procedures, particularly in dentistry, surgery, and pain management.


Chemical Structure and Properties


Lidocaine hydrochloride is synthesized from 2,6-dimethylaniline and isobutyryl chloride. The molecular formula for lidocaine is C14H22N2O, and when combined with hydrochloric acid, it forms the hydrochloride salt (C14H22N2O·HCl). This salt form enhances the drug's solubility in water, making it suitable for injection and topical formulations. Lidocaine is a colorless or slightly yellow crystalline powder, which is odorless and has a slightly bitter taste. Its melting point is around 70-72 °C, and it has a pKa of approximately 7.9, making it a weak base.


Mechanism of Action

The primary mechanism of action of lidocaine hydrochloride is the blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal cell membranes. By inhibiting these channels, lidocaine prevents the generation and propagation of action potentials, leading to a loss of sensation in the targeted area. This makes it highly effective for local anesthesia during minor surgical procedures, such as skin incisions, dental work, and epidural anesthesia.


lidocaine hydrochloride cas 73-78-9

lidocaine hydrochloride cas 73-78-9

Medical Uses


Lidocaine hydrochloride is employed in various medical settings. In dentistry, it is commonly used to numb the area before procedures such as tooth extractions or fillings. In general surgery, it is utilized for local infiltration anesthesia and regional anesthesia. Additionally, lidocaine has applications in the management of cardiac arrhythmias, where it is administered intravenously to stabilize cardiac electrical activity during arrhythmic episodes.


Side Effects and Precautions


While lidocaine is generally considered safe when used appropriately, it is essential to be aware of potential side effects. Common adverse effects include local irritation, allergic reactions, drowsiness, and in rare cases, systemic toxicity, which can lead to seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, or respiratory depression. Careful dosage and monitoring are paramount, especially in patients with pre-existing conditions or those taking concomitant medications.


Conclusion


Lidocaine hydrochloride, with its versatile applications in local anesthesia and cardiology, remains a cornerstone in modern medicine. Its rapid onset and efficacy make it indispensable for healthcare professionals in providing pain relief and managing critical situations. As ongoing research continues to explore its potential enhancements and new formulations, lidocaine will likely maintain its status as a fundamental anesthetic agent in clinical practice.


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