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ECSTASY IN 2015

Are pills stronger than ever, or just more dangerous? Does ‘molly’ actually contain any ecstasy? And what’s a ‘precursor’? This is what’s happening with MDMA in 2015.

    • WORDS: MIKE POWER / PICTURES: EUROPOL
 
  • 13 MARCH 2015

Are pills stronger than ever, or just more dangerous? Does 'molly' actually contain any ecstasy? And what's a 'precursor'? This is what's happening with MDMA in 2015.

It's 27 years since MDMA hit the front pages of British newspapers, and for a drug that's so widely consumed – only cannabis, alcohol and cocaine are more popular – it's still something of an enigma.

In 2015, though, the story is not only mysterious, it's as complex as it is confusing and contradictory. As the MDMA market matures, it is splitting, with dirty, contaminated and downright deadly pills at one end of the scale, and dangerously high-dose tablets and unprecedentedly pure crystals at the other. Both these scenarios can pose risks and (let's be honest) offer enormous pleasure to users. In this feature, we've asked experts in the fields of chemistry, medicine, and clubbing to help you navigate the ever-changing landscape of ecstasy in 2015.

1. PRECURSORS

Right across the EU supplies of MDMA are abundant, say users, dealers and testing services. Pills are stronger and cheaper; crystal MDMA is plentiful and widespread. The reasons are complex, and involve economics, geopolitics and law – but at the root of every drug story there's a chemistry lesson. Synthetic drugs are produced by converting from one chemical to another. In the case of MDMA, the most important chemicals are known as precursors. Think of them as the flour in a loaf: no flour, no dough, no bread.

 

One of the easiest ways to make MDMA is to use an essential oil called safrole, which occurs naturally in the roots and bark of the yellow camphor tree, found in Cambodian rainforests and elsewhere. The UN has targeted the trade repeatedly in the last decade, with the noble aims of protecting the rainforest, which is being chopped down by the gangs that steam-distil the oil out of the bark in giant, bubbling cauldrons in jungle labs. The UN burned 33 tonnes of it in 2008, which caused a worldwide drought of MDMA and the emergence of mephedrone as both gangsters and clubbers looked for alternatives. In September 2010, 50 tonnes were burned in Thailand.

"...a cheap and highly pure supply of potent drugs brings its own heightened risks."

Another way to make MDMA is with a chemical called PMK. That's also banned, but in 2012 canny chemists learned to make a pre-precursor, and bought boatloads of it to the EU. PMK-glycidate can be easily converted to PMK and is legal. One ecstasy lab operator told us: "Our lab switched to ethyl PMK glycidate. This was an unwatched precursor that we were able to source from China at a very competitive price."

That's why since around 2012, the market has been flooded with high-quality product. That might feel like good news, but a cheap and highly pure supply of potent drugs brings its own heightened risks. Which brings us to…

 
 

2. HARM REDUCTION

Misty-eyed ravers claim everything was better back in the day: the music, the vibe, the drugs. That's debatable. But one thing that was inarguably better back then was the way people took ecstasy: they approached it with more caution. Few, if any people took handfuls of pills, and poly-drug use was far rarer than it is now: ketamine was non-existent, and cocaine was for yuppies.

'Harm reduction' was a rational approach to drug use that accepted that some people will use drugs, whatever their legality. It led to innovations like free water in clubs, chill-out rooms, and medical staff on-site. But in recent years, that has often gone by the wayside.

Martin Barnes of the charity Drugscope said in a statement: "Back in the early 1990s … there was a body of public health knowledge that would have helped protect people and probably saved lives. Much of that knowledge – for example, not increasing dosage and not allowing the body to get overheated – is less known to many of the current generation of club- and festival-goers."

His colleague Harry Shapiro says politics is partly to blame. "The political climate in England is less amenable to the concept of harm reduction. Also, venues are more wary these days of allowing drugs in because of fear of licensing problems. Meanwhile the return of unsupervised illegal raves attracting young people who can't get into mainstream venues – present another potential danger."

"It's easier just to pretend that the fear of death scares people off"

Professor David Nutt agrees that politics and media scare stories are to blame for a dearth of quality information on drugs. "It's too politically sensitive. It's easier just to pretend that the fear of death scares people off using – even though it doesn't. The impact this has had on users is that they face more harms. "

Fiona Measham, a criminologist from Durham University, tests pills at The Warehouse Project in Manchester. Projects such as hers, which uses a laserbeam scanner to identify drugs, are a radical updating of harm reduction and should be applauded. "It's not enough just to do the drug testing, though," says Measham. ""There also has to be the infrastructure to get that information to users and for that to be part of a wider harm reduction package by trained professionals on site."

 

3. DEADLY PILLS: PMA AND PMMA

Since Mixmag first reported on the wave of deaths caused by PMMA and PMA, there have been dozens more fatalities. The latest bout came in Suffolk and Telford over Christmas and New Year, when four men died after taking Superman logo pills, which contained very large doses of PMMA, a drug related to MDMA but which is far more toxic. It's normally dosed at 25-50mg; the Superman pills contained 173mg.

 
 

The chances of getting a pill with PMA and PMMA remain small – but the drug killed 29 people last year in the UK, compared to 41 by MDMA in the same period. As the vast majority of UK ecstasy pills contain MDMA, and are taken on multiple occasions by hundreds of thousands of people every year who do not die, and considering that there are very few pills containing PMA, it follows that PMA/PMMA are far more toxic substances than MDMA.

So why is this drug appearing on the street? Drug dealers do not want to kill their customers. The answer is, as ever, laws and money: PMA is made from an oil called anethole, which is legal, cheap, and easy to get hold of.

PMA is made from an oil called anethole, which is legal, cheap, and easy to get hold of

Professor David Nutt agrees that the likely scenario is that clandestine chemists use anethole in a trial run, to test new lab set-ups, and then sell the resulting PMA to unscrupulous pill pressers. Making PMA involves an identical set of chemical reactions to making MDMA – only the precursor is different. Think about it: if you had a limited amount of very expensive safrole or PMK, and you had a new lab, or a new chemist, you'd want to test your kit out. A trial run making PMA from anethole would help you practice the technique and avoid losing valuable precursors – and you'd make some money back. Any chemists out there, please get in touch and and confirm whether this is right or wrong.

Ever the pragmatist, Professor Nutt advises users how to avoid harming themselves with these toxic pills. "Never take more than one pill, particularly if you get no effects after an hour, as PMA and PMMA are slow-acting. Always use with friends and nominate one of your group not to take anything so can get help if you fall ill."

If you buy new batches of pills, start low: try a half, or a quarter, and watch yourself and your mates closely. Do not re-dose if the come-up is slow or strange. No buzz is worth dying for, or ending up in A&E.

 

4. ECSTASY AND THE DARK WEB

The greatest innovation in the drug scene in recent years is the emergence of dark web markets, such as Silk Road, where a fistful of Bitcoins gets you a letterbox full of drugs.

In November 2014 the FBI and Europol claimed to have taken down over 400 such sites in Operation Onymous. But in reality, while they claimed a few decent scalps, such as Silk Road 2, the vast majority of the sites they took down were clones made by cyber-criminals looking to rip off unwitting users.

 
 

A recent trawl of the dark web showed 13 active drug markets, with new ones appearing every few weeks. With just a little research and time, you can easily buy high quality MDMA or pills online. Staying safe once you buy the drugs is your responsibility – as is the jail term, limited employment opportunities and travel restrictions you will be face if you get nicked.

John, a self-employed electrician from Bristol, told me that he doesn't care. "It's easy: I have one trusted dealer online and he's in the UK, so nothing goes through customs. I check his latest feedback before buying – he's never ripped me or anyone else off. It's all fairly pricey, but it's worth it to stay safe. I get Dutch-quality pills for about eight quid each. I figure there's no chance [the police] are going to come after small-time users like me."

 

5. YOUNG AMERICANS

In the US right now, the mainstreaming of rave culture into gigantic EDM events has been parallelled by a massive growth in the number of people taking MDMA – or more accurately, what they think is MDMA, says Emanuel Sferios, founder of harm reduction group Dancesafe, which tests pills at parties. Sferios is also a film-maker who is producing a new film, MDMA: The Movie.

"Cathinones have flooded the MDMA market (over 80 per cent), and these euphoric stimulants are desireable drugs in their own right. While they aren't nearly as desirable as MDMA, many people still enjoy them. This has led to a culture where young people often look at 'molly' as just different versions of MDMA.

"Today, even when a pill or powder tests negative for MDMA, a large percentage of users will swallow it anyway," he says. This leads to riskier use, as cathinones, which belong to the same family as mephedrone, have a higher effective dose, and encourage redosing.

"The cathinones have also changed drug-taking behavior," says Sferios. "Because they have direct, post-synaptic receptor binding, redosing throughout the night works and has become quite common. That's combined with the fact that a 'good' initial dose of, say, methylone (a cathinone often sold as 'molly') can be twice that of MDMA. Users regularly take 300mg or more of methylone as an initial dose, and then redose throughout the night – while believing they're taking MDMA. And that's the most dangerous part," says Sferios.

If users later encounter good-quality MDMA they can take too much, leading to over- heating or other medical conditions.

CONCLUSION

The demand for MDMA in the UK is high. According to a trustworthy source, around 25,000kg a year are used here. Most of the UK's pills and crystal MDMA come from Holland and arrive by land, air and sea. Each kilo of MDMA costs about £775 (€1,000) for the chemists to produce. Each kilo is then sold wholesale at around £4,000 to those at the highest levels of the trade. Mid-range dealers pay around £17,000/kg. A gramme on the streets of the UK now costs £30–£50.

 

With sugar-sweet beats and lyrical flow reminiscent of hip hop’s golden age, Joey Bada$$ is the swag-tastic rapper turning heads worldwide

    • WORDS: DAVE TURNER / PHOTOS: SLICK JACKSON
 
  • 24 FEBRUARY 2015

1995 is a standout year on New York's hip hop timeline. Mobb Deep released their debut album 'The Infamous', Wu-Tang Clan's Ol' Dirty Bastard, Raekwon and GZA dropped their first solo albums and the Golden Age of hip hop was deemed to be coming to an end. On January 20 of the same year, though, saw the birth of Jo-Vaughn Virginie Scott, the first of his immediate St. Lucian family to be born in the United States. First known online as JayOhVee, he's now recognised worldwide as the self-proclaimed 'swank' rapper Joey Bada$ – at 17, singled out as the sole figure behind a 'golden age' revival – who's headlined shows around the world, supported Disclosure on tour and collaborated with fellow New Yorker A$AP Rocky alongside Kendrick Lamar and Danny Brown.

Although it was his debut mixtape, '1999', that fully announced his arrival, it was a freestyle when he was 15 years old that caught the attention of the internet generation. Still studying at Edward R Murrow High School in Brooklyn (alumni including Adam Yauch of the Beastie Boys and artist Jean-Michel Basquiat), a video of a swagger-flexing Joey was uploaded to YouTube before winding up on viral mecca World Star Hip Hop. Jonny Shipes, CEO of Cinematic Music Group, quickly became his manager and, in 2012, came the irresistible skater boy rap jam 'Survival Tactics' from '1999'.

 

Even though hip hop's golden era had lost its shine by the title's year, the crisp daydream beats (two courtesy of MF Doom) and his tight lyrical flow clearly recalled the tunes playing on New York street corners in the early to mid-90s. The 'Summer Knights' mixtape arrived a year later, followed by an EP of the same name on Relentless Records (home to Bondax and Julio Bashmore), and, after almost a year of social media foreplay, the announcement of his debut album 'B4.DA.$'.

"The only thing I did wrong, and the reason people thought it took so long, is 'cause I let people know what the title of it was," he tells us over the phone, a distinct lack of enthusiasm in his voice. "It didn't take long for me to write!"

It seems that the delay has been forgiven, judging by the 2,000 people packed into the 112-year-old Shepherd's Bush Empire. "I can't believe you're all here and I've not even released an album yet, I love you all!" he shouts to the mostly snapback-wearing, weed-infused crowd. And it's not just London that he's sold out. Every ticket for each show on the seven-date UK tour was snapped up, with gigs across Europe, Australia and New Zealand also behind him. Wrapped in a red leopard print puffa jacket, his energy mirrors that of a five-year-old on Christmas Day as he opens with 'Alowha', his six-foot-plus figure bounding from left to right and his mop-style braids bopping up and down.

 
 

Confidence and youthful arrogance shine through his repeated chants of "what's my name", a trait he's had "since little school". It was during this time he'd watch videos of Notorious B.I.G. at home in the East Flatbush area of Brooklyn – other notable residents include Busta Rhymes and Michael Jordan until he was two – that set him on his path in hip hop. "Shit like that really inspired me," he tells us. As did poetry by Eleanor Roosevelt, Maya Angelou and jazz poet Langston Hughes, all doubtless aiding his innate and rhythmic lyricism.

 

 

High Purity Peptides Powder Semaglutide Liraglutide CAS 204656-20-2

 

Despite having the air of a moody teenager about him during our time on the phone, there's one name that snaps him into life: J Dilla. Earlier this year he was given one of the producer's unreleased beats to make 'Two Lips', released by Truth Studios alongside Akomplice Clothing, and he recently donated $10,000 worth of the profits to his old school in the form of musical instruments.

"That right there was one of best experiences of my life," he says. "When I was working on this project, I really felt his presence and that was a beautiful experience. I was honoured to be part of it and give some of the proceeds to my school."

 

Joey's sensitive side shines through at the Empire show, too. In between performing the raucous '95 Til Infinity' and new album track 'On & On' with Maverick Sabre, he asks for a minute silence for his friend Capital STEEZ, who died of an apparent suicide on Christmas Eve 2012, before departing after a lengthy speech explaining how "you can do anything if you put your mind to it".

He might have buckled had his mind wandered a few years ago, but his outlook's keeping him on track. "As long as I keep doing me I should be good, right?" he asks. It certainly looks that way.

'B4.DA.$ is out now on Cinematic Music Group/Relentless Records

RL GRIME

Henry Steinway, aka RL Grime, takes elements from hip hop, bass music and electro to create something completely unique. Meet the hottest talent in US dance

    • WORDS: ROSS GARDINER / PHOTOS: DAVE SHORE / STYLING: KRISSIE TORGERSON
 
  • 17 FEBRUARY 2015

The whole photo crew steps out of the studio for a moment to observe the ominous peripheral hum of a dozen LAPD whirlybirds floating in the skies above downtown Los Angeles. They are spotlighting the heated public protests in lieu of the controversial conclusion to the Ferguson trial. Back in the studio, a gentle, unassuming Henry Steinway sits alone in a red glow, released for a moment from the prying attention of the cameras and crew.

The protests rage on into the following night when Steinway takes to the stage of Downtown's newly renovated Regent Theatre as his bassy hip hop alias RL Grime. The lights drop and his 8-bit tank control visuals flash on screen. The tinny rush of drums and the lush, arpeggiated scatter of his new track 'Scylla' send static through the hairs on your neck. The all-ages crowd of Fairfax rudeboys are kushed and Red Bulled, primed for the immense drop and saw-toothed horns that have become ubiquitous elements of this artist's sound. And when that deep, lagging bass hits, arms fly in the air and the room explodes.

The line-up for the first full WeDidIt label party in almost two years is a closely guarded secret. The collective sold all 1,300 tickets on the strength of their reputation alone, and while the bill features scene heavyweights such as label co-founder Shlohmo and rising downtempoist Purple, RL Grime stands out as the centerpiece of a young imprint/collective that's redefining the electronic-fused hip hop genre faster than any other.

"They have no idea I'm on the bill tonight," the tall, softly spoken producer tells Mixmag before the gig. "I tried to throw them off. I sent out a tweet yesterday being all like, 'Next stop Australia'. Everyone is here tonight because it's a WeDidIt party, not because of any big names. Some of those kids have been lining up outside since eight in the morning!" But not everyone is fooled: "I knew it'd be him, dude," shouts one 17-year-old fan over the thundering bass. "I fucking knew it!"

Coming to the reunion off the back of a year that's seen him gatecrash the EDM-heavy main stages at America's biggest festivals and ship his debut album 'Void', a record that has already yielded some major releases and announced him as one of his genre's most progressive artists, RL Grime is one of the hottest properties in dance music.

 

Born in Century City in LA's sunkissed Westside, the pale, angular 23-year-old found his way into music through an early love of 00s party rap and the grinding electro house sounds of Justice, Boyz Noize and MSTRKRFT. A summer spent at a turntable class, and the support of his creative parents – an architect and a fine art photographer – set him off to high school house parties with a group of close friends and a record box full of bangers.

"We'd go to kids' houses whose parents were out of town, set up some speakers and tear the place up. Henry Laufer (Shlohmo) and Nick Meledandri (Nick Melons) were doing the same thing. Though we didn't know each other at the time, we were all playing that mix of hip hop and electro house in LA."

WeDidIt was started in 2007 by Meledandri, Laufer and (now departed member) Joe Marcus as a name to perform under. It soon developed into a party collective and a record label, as they enlisted close friends and young local artists such as D33J, Groundislava and his brother, locally infamous visual artist Sus Boy, and the crew started making waves on the underage Westside party scene.

In 2010 a chunk of the group migrated to New York for university, and Steinway's manager Mason Klein eventually introduced him to Melons. At that time Steinway was operating under his progressive house moniker, Clockwork, and had already enjoyed considerable success with releases on Dim Mak and Mad Decent – as well as stitching up a sinister bootleg remix of Avicii's big room anthem 'Levels'. It was this period of transition at New York University that drew Steinway from big-room house and towards the low-slung frequencies of labels like Night Slugs and Hyperdub, and ambient downtempo artists such as James Blake and Boards Of Canada. Frustrated with the limitations of the big room, he started to shift gears and embarked on a project that would fuse the new music he was listening to with the party rap sounds of his teenage years.

"I started the RL Grime project in winter 2011," says Steinway. "I remember having a vision of what I wanted to do. I started the Facebook page and I had no fans, no music – nothing but an idea of what I wanted it to sound like. All my friends had gone home to LA for the winter break, and I locked myself in my apartment and made the entire first EP, 'Clipz'. It was just me throwing down something new, and pushing myself completely out of my comfort zone."

'Clipz', a self-released collection of stammering, headphone-friendly 808 drills, was distinctly less brash than the music he grew into, though it laid the foundation for the bass-centric productions that would come later. Shortly after its release he and the rest of the WeDidIt massive dropped out of college and returned to LA, where his follow-up EPs 'Grapes' (WeDidIt's first official release) and 'High Beams' on A-Trak's Fools Gold Records, sent the young producer's stock through the roof. Steinway suddenly found himself sharing the spotlight with Diplo, TNGHT, Baauer and Flosstradamus, and was a figurehead of the newly appropriated 'trap' genre.

 

When middle-class America's kandi ravers became obsessed with the deep bass and gangland rhetoric of a genre previously dominated by acts like Shawty Redd, TI and Zaytoven, a critical backlash ensued. This new breed of culturally removed producers were creating music that some felt retained too much of the racially sensitive elements of hip hop, and the word 'trap', with its intrinsic connections to Southern US crack houses, became a label that many producers sought to distance themselves from.

When we mention the T-word, Henry rolls his eyes, suggesting that yet another ham-fisted journalist has torn open a wound he desperately wishes would heal.

"I'm not rolling my eyes at you, I'm rolling my eyes at the term. Ugh…" he says, shaking his head and looking at his hands stuffed between his knees. "I wouldn't describe my music as trap. I'm trying really hard not to be pigeonholed, and that's what making this album was all about. But literally every genre [name] I use sounds fucking stupid: 'bass music', 'future bass'. It's just dance music that's inspired by hip hop. That's all I can really say."

While some of his earlier music and remix projects might have straddled that line between cultural misappropriation and innovation, his debut album 'Void', released in November on WeDidIt, falls firmly into the latter camp, shunning many of the commercially lucrative tropes that have been exhausted by scores of less progressive artists piggy-backing on the genre's popularity. While it contains a lot of the familiar splashing 808 trills, the odd high-pitched vocal line and the ubiquitous tectonic bass lags, it's the eerily silent dips between the drops that really excite. 'Core', 'Scylla' and 'Kingpin' are sure to be among 2015's main stage anthems, but through tracks like the delicate 'Site Zero/The Vault' and the mournful, soft r'n'b homage 'Reminder' (featuring How To Dress Well), Grime has fashioned a diverse record that stays true to its initial concept, and could well be a game-changer in a genre in dire need of a facelift.

 

Realising the need to bring something unique to the plate, Steinway brought in David Rudnick, a British artist who's designed visual aesthetics for underground heavyweights such as Optimo and Erol Alkan's Phantasy Sound, to help shape the album's concept before he'd laid down a single track.

"David and I sat down together and riffed about visual identities and talked about different ways of approaching an album. We came up with a general concept about the deep sea and the allure of the abyss. We were both drawn to this dark space that's completely isolated and suspended in time," he says. While the calming isolation of the ocean is a central element to the music and the visuals, Rudnick admits that he was drawn to the project by the opportunity to abandon some of the more contentious elements of the genre and help to elevate it beyond the clichés.

 

"Too much of the scene that Henry was being contextualised against had been built on very ugly, unspoken racial appropriations," notes Rudnick. "I wanted to ground the project in a non-reality equally accessible and equally remote to every possible listener, regardless of their race, status or cultural background."

The visual aesthetic that they eventually settled on was one of mysterious conflict, the videos depicting ominous, angular land drones rumbling towards the ocean and futuristic military 'copters in congested skies. While it might seem hypocritical that a group intending to shun references to street-level violence would so blatantly reference the mechanisms of war, the absence of human beings or violent confrontation creates something oddly peaceful, and mimics the colossal, Wagnerian elements of RL Grime's sound.

Before the Henrys (Shlohmo and RL Grime) go on stage the green room is hotboxed with thick plumes of smoke, and the floor is strewn with empty bottles of Hennessy and Cava. Forty or so young friends bounce and stagger around to the blaring sound of Drake, one of the group's mutual idols. They hang off one another, laughing and embracing everyone around them with a collective warmth that's completely at odds with the stereotypes associated with the scene.

 

The jovial excitement in the room is overwhelming. Not only is this group of best friends-turned-business acquaintances celebrating a triumphant reunion in their home town, one of their number is about to grace the cover of magazine that they all read growing up.

"You can't know what's like, man," says one member of the original crew. "Because we were kids and our music just a fusion of stuff we knew and loved, we felt like we weren't being taken seriously. But when we heard we were going to be on the cover of Mixmag, we all played that shit cool, but behind closed doors we were like 'Fuck, yeah man!' You can't imagine how that feels."

The WeDidIt crew gradually slur and drip out of the green room to catch Shlohmo hauling the crowd through a trippy, lo-fi wormhole, kicking to life the THC that sludges across the surfaces of many brains. But the onus is clearly on the headliner to surge the bounce into our feet and get the crowd back up again.

As thousands of LA's residents march to the LAPD offices in the fallout of the Michael Brown trial, Sus Boy's eerily apt visuals depicting skeletons stomping on the bonnets of burning police cars give way to David Rudnick's menacing graphics, and RL Grime steps on stage, clad head-to-toe in black. The ensuing hour sees him repeatedly pick up and drop the crowd from enormous heights, bouncing through a 'Void'-heavy set that mixes in bangers from 2 Chainz, Kendrick Lamar and French Montana with some classics from his own back catalogue.

 

But while his homecoming set leans heavily on his once-signature sound, you can see in him an artist who's prepared to pull his young, devoted fan-base in whatever creative direction he feels like moving in. And when that artist is creating progressive, conceptual music that challenges every cliche and strives to affirm the critical value of a cocktail of UK bass and hip hop, it's plain that RL Grime is taking dance music places it's never been before:
into the void and beyond.

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